延性断裂:材料在断裂前发生明显的塑性变形(如颈缩、拉伸、孔洞长大并聚合),通常能吸收较多能量,断口常见“杯锥状(cup-and-cone)”或韧窝(dimple)特征。(在特定语境下也可与“脆性断裂 brittle fracture”对比使用。)
/ˈdʌktaɪl ˈfræktʃər/
Ductile fracture is common in low-carbon steel at room temperature.
延性断裂在室温下的低碳钢中很常见。
Under cyclic loading, microvoids can grow and coalesce, leading to ductile fracture even before the part appears severely damaged.
在循环载荷下,微孔洞可能长大并聚合,即使零件表面看起来尚未严重损伤,也可能最终发生延性断裂。
ductile 源自拉丁语 ductilis(“可被拉伸、可牵引的”),与 ducere(“引导、拉”)相关;fracture 源自拉丁语 fractura(“破裂、断裂”),来自 frangere(“打断”)。合起来强调“先发生可观塑性变形,再发生断裂”这一机理特征。